Provisional species of fossil hominid dating from 4.4 mya. Over 40 specimens representing at least 17 individuals were recovered from Aramis, Ethiopia, in 1992-3; an undescribed specimen is said to be 40% complete. More specimens continue to be found. A. ramidus is very primitive, with large canines, sectorial premolars, and thinly enameled molars. Cranial capacity is presumed to be very small. Nevertheless, A. ramidus has a number of anatomical features (including pelvic morphology) that indicate bipedalism. Some researchers think that Ardipithecus may be the stem species for all later hominids. The validity of the nomen Ardipithecus is currently under review and some workers place these specimens in the taxon Australopithecus ramidus. Since the 2001 finds at Alaya, however, these younger specimens are viewed by some as subspecific material (Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus), and congeners to the older Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba.